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Chapter
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1
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Introduction
to Motivation
All employees are human, from the chief executive to the call
center staff members. Research now indicates a correlation
between motivation and business performance. New thinkers
tie in the organizational and human needs, building on a century's
worth of psychological study.
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2
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What
is Motivation?
It is essential but elusive. It exists in unlikely places
and can be absent in promising locations. Motivation is essential
in workplaces because employees are volunteers. Definitions
of motivation and academic studies into its nature have taken
place. It remains intangible.
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3
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Evolution
of Motivation
It is difficult to call it evolution as history is littered
with setbacks. Failures have led to strikes and revolutions.
Ground-breaking Hawthorne studies in the 1920s started examination
of group work, leading to studies on human needs, human drives,
personality types, and concepts of achievement. The arbitrary
divide between "hard" and "soft" business matters has stymied
effort.
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4
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The
E-Dimension to Motivation
Technology only changes consumers' and employees' lives if
enough people want it to. The Internet is bringing down trade
barriers and access to markets; motivation and skills of employees
are decisive competitively. Automation of personnel administration
gives personnel managers more opportunities to work with teams,
but risks creating remote relationships. Aspects of new economy
culture concern motivation of employees. Case study: goodmigrations.com.
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5
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Globalization
Cultural differences are profound and are something of which
most people are unconscious. The key to overcoming the problems
is to accept that other people's norms and values have validity,
and that there may be something unique that that difference
can offer. There is an emerging theoretical framework for
analyzing cultural differences which has been used to help
real teams. Case study: BP-Amoco.
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6
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The
State of the Art
Most workplaces do not appear to be motivating, because companies
often have a confusing mix of motivating and de-motivating
decisions. Downsizing has a powerful negative effect on motivation.
Motivation is an empirical science. It will never be possible
to isolate and measure all the variables and all the effects.
Theory has developed into looking at personality types, culture,
and the role of goal-setting. There is some correlation with
practice. Motivational ideas have reached the mainstream.
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7
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In
Practice: Success Stories
Integration of motivational approaches and business strategy:
LVMH (France/global) Motivation in unpromising places, the
work of Brad Hill (USA); Democracy and the family in the new
economy: Infosys (India).
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8
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Key
Concepts and Thinkers
Glossary; Key thinkers.
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9
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Resources
Useful organizations; Journals; Books, articles, and other
subject matter; Links between motivation and the bottom line.
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10
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Ten
Steps to Making Motivation Work
The top team should be on board; Take culture into account;
avoid jargon; Pay matters; Don't forget the simple things;
Your staff are not stupid; Don't forget motivation when cutting
costs; Take care with personality profiles; The company is
a community; Things can get worse as well as better; Give
feedback: be honest; don't skimp on praise.
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